基于实践的拓展阅读心得体会
一、阅读的选材:
1、文章选材应该根据学生的学情,选择难度适合的文本。必要时可以进行改编。
2、阅读联播的文章偏散文,对于七年级的孩子来说,可以选择故事性稍微强一些的文本,这样有助于学生对文本的理解。如短片小说,寓言故事。
3、拓展阅读的文本要具有教育意义,能引发学生深层次的思考,进一步培养学生的批判性思维。另外,还要注意,文章不要包含太多有关于宗教的内容。要坚持中国共产党的领导,坚持中国特色社会主义的道路,坚持中国特色社会主义核心价值观。
二、目标的设置:
1、课前先定好本堂课的教学目标,比如阅读课的目标是注重语言习得还是思维深度,如果是语言习得,那么老师要注重文章中优美词句的欣赏,或者要求学生复述文章。如果比较注重思维的深度,那么老师要将文章进行抽丝剥茧,挖掘深层次的问题,但要注意,学生在回答深层次的问题时应当基于文本,而不是想当然地回答。因此老师在设计问题的时候应该注意。
2、对于九年级的阅读课和七、八年级的拓展阅读课,老师应该设置不同的目标。对于低年级的学生来说,可以注重于情感教育,即学生通过阅读文章,能够得到一些启发,在这个过程当中习得语言。而对于九年级的学生来说,我们应当注重学生的语言习得,尽量在阅读过程当中挖掘一些深层次的、能够拓展学生思维的问题。引导学生在回答问题的过程中,运用文章中的优美语句。
三、问题的设置:
1、拓展阅读的问题要基于文本,但是有时候可以高于文本。比如说欧亨利的小说以“出乎意料,情理之中”而著名,因此在设置问题的时候也可以从这一点着手,让学生尝试一下读后续写,但是有操练就要有呈现,如果老师在课堂上布置了这个任务,就要在课上将学生的文本进行呈现。
2、对于阅读课来说,老师应该给学生充分的阅读时间以及思考时间。活动的设计不需要花哨,问题的设置要有深度,基于文本并且有适度的提升。课外阅读当中有很多写得漂亮的句子,在课后可以单独将好词好句重点标注给学生。这样学生在记忆之后,可以将积累的一些好词好句运用到写作当中,有助于学生的提升。
3、拓展阅读应该注意培养学生的阅读技巧,应该引导学生从大框架上先理解,再进行细节上的思考。处理文章的细节应该是处理整个文章的细节。但是有时候文章的重点在某一个部分,应该也可以着重处理这部分的细节。
4、阅读策略的渗透:在阅读的过程当中,要渗透阅读的技巧,比如猜词。根据中考题型来看,猜词技巧非常重要,同时这也是阅读中的必要技巧,毕竟,不可能遇到一个不认识的单词就去翻看字典。
四、文本的处理:
1、导入:在阅读课开篇的时候,应该开门见山,但是也要保留课堂的趣味性,给学生留一些悬念。
2、情感线的处理:如果要梳理文章的情感线,应该边读边对每个部分的情感进行梳理,再整理成线。或者在文章读完以后,让学生自己梳理线路。
3、文章线索:教师在进行文本解读的时候,自己要先把文章的线索理清楚。也许一篇文章中有很多条线索,那么就可以整理文章主线以及其他的线索。比如在本课,可以将主人翁和配角的行为作为一条线索,另外添加一条主人翁和配角的情感线,这样清晰的线索可以帮助学生更好地理解文章。
4、学生在初步接触拓展文本的时候,可能会觉得有些困难。可以让他们先预习,降低难度。
附件(一):改编拓展文本:
The Best Present for Mum
The birthday of Daming’s mother is coming. Daming’s problem is what to buy his mum. His mum loves chocolate, so he can buy her some. But Mum always thinks it is unhealthy. His mum likes buying expensive clothes, but Daming can’t afford them. Daming can buy her a magazine with pictures of beautiful clothes in it. But his mum likes going shopping, not looking at pictures in books. Daming spends a lot of time looking for a present for his mum. But nothing is perfect.
Mum always says that the best presents are the ones that you put time and effort into. Suddenly Daming has an idea. Why not knit a scarf for Mum? That way she can wear it to keep warm on cold days. She’d love it! So Daming buys some pink and orange wool. They are Mum’s favourite colours because they remind her of the flowers she likes. Daming spends many hours knitting when his mum is not around. He wants it to be a surprise. He finishes the scarf just in time. When Mum opens the present on her birthday, she is very grateful. She takes Daming in her arms and gives him a big kiss!
afford [ə'fɔːd] v. 买得起 effort ['efət] n. 努力
knit [nɪt] v. 编织 grateful ['greɪtfʊl] adj. 感谢的
remind [rɪ'maɪnd] v. 使想起 wool [wʊl] n. 羊毛
附件(二):拓展文本教案(作为附加阅读)
Step 4 Further reading
20 mins | Activity 1. Fast reading | |
1. Let students read the passage quickly and circle the presents Daming thinks about. 2. Ask them which one does Daming choose. Process: T: Do you think it’s easy to choose presents? T: Maybe choosing a good one is not easy. For example, Daming finds it difficult to choose a birthday present for him mom. T: Please read the passage on the handout and circle the presents Daming thinks about. | 1. Read the passage quickly and circle the presents Daming thinks about. 2. Find out the present that Daming chooses. | |
设计意图: 1. 由于本课文本难度较低,因此增加一篇话题相关的拓展阅读,从而增加学生的语言知识。文本经过改编,改成适合初一上册学生阅读的长度和难度。 文本的主人翁改成了Daming, 故事改成了Daming为妈妈选择生日礼物,和课本内容有关联性,可以使课堂的连贯性和整体性更加强。 | ||
Activity 2. Read and think | ||
1. Lead students to think: Can Daming choose other presents? Why doesn’t he choose them? 2. Provide students with the sentence structure: He can choose..., but... 3. Lead students to think: Why does he choose the scarf. Process: T: Can he choose others? Why doesn’t he choose them? Read the passage again and find out. After reading, show them the sentence structure and lead them to answer the question with the given structure. T: Does he buy the scarf? Why does he choose the scarf as a present? | 1. Reas and think about the questions teacher asked. 2. Answer the questions with the given sentence structure. | |
设计意图: 1. 引导学生阅读文章,找出细节信息。 2. 找出Daming考虑到的所有礼物以及为什么不选其中一些的原因,操练句型“...but...” ,为下一环节做铺垫。 询问学生Daming选择围巾的原因,引导学生根据文本找出关键信息。 | ||
Activity 3. Read and conclude | ||
1. Lead students to think: How should we choose a good present? Process: T: How does Daming’s mother feel? T: So Daming chose a good present for his mom. After reading two passages, do you know how to choose a good present? Work in groups of four and share your opinions with each other.
| 1. Think the question: How should we choose a good present? 2. Work in groups, have a discussion and make a conclusion.
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设计意图: 1. 引导学生结合本堂课的文章,总结选择礼物的要求或者原则,引发学生思考。 |